Guillain-Barré syndrome post-COVID-19 vaccine

a case report in primary care

Abstract

Introduction: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune condition affecting peripheral nerves, often triggered by infectious processes, with COVID-19, among other infectious agents, linked to its development. Additionally, the association between GBS and vaccines that stimulate the immune system has been observed, although the pathophysiology of this condition is not fully understood. The importance of early identification of possible adverse effects is emphasized, especially in primary care. Case presentation: We present the case of a 37-year-old male patient who arrived at the emergency department with complaints of dyspnea, desaturation, dry cough, headache, and a sensation of paresthesia in the fingers, progressing to limb paralysis and dysphagia. In the personal history assessment, the patient reported receiving one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine (CoronaVac) two weeks prior. Conclusions: Based on the presented case, the occurrence of GBS related to the COVID-19 vaccine is discussed in the literature, emphasizing the importance of knowledge about possible adverse effects. Although the manifestation of neurological effects is rare, it is crucial for health care professionals to be aware and well-informed for an effective approach, emphasizing that the benefits of immunization outweigh the associated risks.