Riscos intrínsecos às grávidas em situação de rua: uma revisão de escopo

Danielle Magno Azevedo da Silva; Fernanda Aparecida  Santos; Gabriela Mello Cerqueira Ribeiro; Gabriela Pacheco Garcia; Gustavo Haddad Cypriano; Roberta Coura Calazans de Cerqueira; Mariana Mendes Bastos Figueiredo

doi:10.5712/rbmfc20(47)4099

Authors

Danielle Magno Azevedo da Silva Universidade Estácio de Sá, Campus Vista Carioca – Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1156-9919
Fernanda Aparecida Santos Universidade Estácio de Sá, Campus Vista Carioca – Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil. https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1044-8275
Gabriela Mello Cerqueira Ribeiro Universidade Estácio de Sá, Campus Vista Carioca – Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil. https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9046-186X
Gabriela Pacheco Garcia Universidade Estácio de Sá, Campus Vista Carioca – Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil.
Gustavo Haddad Cypriano Universidade Estácio de Sá, Campus Vista Carioca – Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil. https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0177-2991
Roberta Coura Calazans de Cerqueira Universidade Estácio de Sá, Campus Vista Carioca – Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil.
Mariana Mendes Bastos Figueiredo Universidade Estácio de Sá, Campus Vista Carioca – Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4696-3991

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5712/rbmfc20(47)4099

Keywords:

Pregnant women, Homeless persons, Maternal and child health, Risk factors, Scoping review, Public policies

Abstract

Introduction: Pregnant women experiencing homelessness face a global challenge with negative consequences for both mothers and children, including unplanned pregnancies, sexual exploitation, reproductive health complications and premature births. Lack of access to basic health services and stress resulting from homelessness adversely affect fetal development and can lead to chronic diseases. Given the complexity and heterogeneity of the literature on this topic, a scoping review is necessary to map existing evidence, identify gaps and synthesize the risks faced by this vulnerable population. Objective: To identify and map the risk factors associated with pregnant women experiencing homelessness and the main consequences for maternal and fetal health described in recent scientific literature. Methods: A scoping review was conducted using the PubMed and SciELO databases with the descriptors «Pregnancy,» «Homelessness» and «Risk.» The search took place between February and March 2023, including articles published in the last 10 years (2013–2023) that addressed pre-pregnancy risks and post-pregnancy consequences. A thematic content analysis of the 30 selected articles was performed to identify and categorize the main risks and outcomes. Results: Thematic analysis of the 30 articles revealed three main axes: prenatal care, pregnant woman’s health and childbirth/post-pregnancy. Findings indicated a high prevalence of unplanned pregnancy, exposure to sexual violence and substance use as pre-pregnancy risks. During pregnancy, mental health challenges, limited (though variable) access to prenatal care and comorbidities are prominent. Outcomes include higher risks of preterm birth, low birth weight and neonatal complications. Quantitative analysis of theme frequency showed a higher concentration of studies focusing on the pregnant woman’s health. Conclusions: Pregnant women experiencing homelessness face multiple interconnected risks that negatively impact maternal-fetal health. This review highlights the need for public policies and interventions that address socio-structural determinants, improve access to sexual and reproductive health care and offer psychosocial support. The lack of official data in Brazil is a significant limitation. Future research should focus on the effectiveness of interventions and longitudinal data.

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