Accuracy of diagnostic and screening tests for depression in Primary Health Care
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5712/rbmfc19(46)4235Keywords:
Primary Health Care, Epidemiology, Depression, Screening.Abstract
Introduction: Primary Health Care (PHC), at the first level of the Health Care Network (HCR), is fundamental for health promotion and rehabilitation. Given the increasing prevalence of major depressive disorder, a significant challenge in PHC is its early and effective diagnosis. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of approved depression screening tools in Brazilian PHC, highlighting their importance in the early identification of major depressive disorder with greater precision, a crucial step for effective interventions and better quality of life for patients. Methods: This descriptive study used a scoping review in databases such as BVS, PubMed, and Scielo, from August to December 2023. Research from 2010 onwards, targeting adults, excluding hospital-based, oncological studies, or those without validation in Brazil, was selected. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were rigorously applied to ensure the relevance and quality of the analyzed studies, with a special assessment of the validity and reliability of the reported data. Results: The analysis revealed that depression screening questionnaires are applicable in both population and individual strategies in PHC. The tools varied in sensitivity and specificity, indicating the need for careful selection of the instrument according to the clinical context. Early diagnosis of depressive disorders allows for the implementation of preventive interventions and treatments tailored to the severity of the disorder. This personalized approach promotes more effective management of depression, contributing to early remission and reduction in symptom severity. Conclusions: Validated questionnaires such as the PHQ-2, PHQ-9, BDI-II, MDI, showed efficacy in the timely diagnosis of depressive symptoms in Brazilian PHC. Their practical applicability optimizes consultations and facilitates the work of healthcare professionals. The detection of subclinical symptoms allows for early and personalized interventions, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and patient-centered care. These results reinforce the need for continuous development and validation of screening tools in PHC, paving the way for future research and improvements in public mental health.
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