Competências essenciais em medicina de família e comunidade para a graduação médica
uma revisão de escopo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5712/rbmfc20(47)4849Palavras-chave:
Educação de graduação em medicina, Educação baseada em competências, Medicina de família e comunidadeResumo
Introdução: A formação médica de qualidade é essencial para assegurar cuidados em saúde seguros, equitativos e socialmente responsáveis. A Educação Baseada em Competências orienta currículos com base nas necessidades da população e dos sistemas de saúde. A Medicina de Família e Comunidade (MFC) constitui-se como especialidade estratégica por atuar diretamente na Atenção Primária à Saúde, proporcionando um cenário de aprendizado integrado e contextualizado. Objetivo: Mapear e analisar as competências relacionadas à MFC necessárias para a formação médica na graduação descritas na literatura científica. Métodos: Revisão de escopo conduzida conforme o Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) e Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR), com busca em oito bases de dados e literatura cinzenta, abrangendo estudos publicados entre 1994 e 2025. As competências foram extraídas, categorizadas por similaridade conceitual, agrupadas em domínios e analisadas quanto à frequência de recorrência nos estudos incluídos. Resultados: Foram incluídos 21 artigos, predominantemente publicados na última década, provenientes de diferentes continentes. Observou-se limitada interdisciplinaridade, com pouca colaboração entre diferentes áreas ou profissões nos estudos. Os domínios de competência mais frequentemente citados envolveram comunicação clínica, cuidado centrado na pessoa, manejo de doenças crônicas e agudas, competência cultural, abordagem comunitária, trabalho interprofissional, promoção da saúde e coordenação do cuidado. Domínios como abordagem familiar, continuidade do cuidado, prática baseada em evidências e ética apresentaram frequência intermediária. Habilidades procedimentais, cuidados paliativos, saúde do trabalhador, bem-estar profissional, saúde digital e papel advocatício foram pouco citados. Conclusões: O estudo revela um núcleo de competências da MFC frequentemente citado na literatura para a formação médica na graduação, mas destaca lacunas em áreas emergentes e em competências historicamente valorizadas na especialidade. Os achados podem subsidiar a atualização de diretrizes curriculares e fomentar debates sobre as necessidades formativas na graduação médica.
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