Harnessing the ICIQ-SF questionnaire for enhanced diagnosis and management of urinary incontinence in women: a cross-sectional study

Jose Tadeu Carvalho Martins

doi:10.5712/rbmfc20(47)3687

Autores

Jose Tadeu Carvalho Martins Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo – Vitória (ES), Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6261-8987

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5712/rbmfc20(47)3687

Palavras-chave:

Incontinência urinária, Questionários, Qualidade de vida, Urodinâmica

Resumo

Introdução: O International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire (ICIQ-SF) avalia, de forma simples e objetiva, o impacto da incontinência urinária (IU) em aspectos específicos da qualidade de vida. Por sua vez, a Avaliação Urodinâmica (AU) é um exame que possibilita o diagnóstico da etiologia da IU. Objetivo: Comparar os resultados do questionário ICIQ-SF com os da AU, a fim de estabelecer recomendações para a conduta clínica. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo, quantitativo, com amostragem aleatória simples. Foram incluídas 189 mulheres com diagnóstico clínico de IU que realizaram a AU e responderam ao questionário ICIQ-SF. Os dados obtidos a partir do ICIQ-SF e dos estudos urodinâmicos foram comparados para subsidiar recomendações terapêuticas para a IU em mulheres. Resultados: A análise revelou uma maior proporção de atividade detrusora involuntária no estudo urodinâmico entre as participantes que responderam “Vaza antes de eu chegar ao banheiro” (59,3%) e “vaza enquanto estou me vestindo” (43,2%) à Pergunta 6. Além disso, observou-se associação significativa entre incontinência urinária de esforço e as respostas “Vaza quando tusso ou espirro” (79,8%) e “vaza quando estou fazendo atividade física” (67,2%). As respostas ao ICIQ-SF nortearam a indicação terapêutica para a IU, agrupando as participantes em 4 categorias. A) Sem perdas (resposta “nunca”); B) Incontinência Urinária de Urgência (respostas indicando perda urinária antes de chegar ao banheiro e ao se vestir); C) Incontinência Urinaria por Esforço (respostas indicando perda urinária ao tossir, espirrar ou durante atividade física); e D) Incontinência urinária mista e/ou não classificada (mais de duas respostas variadas nas Perguntas 3, 4 e 6, que não se enquadram nos padrões dos grupos anteriores). Conclusões: O ICIQ-SF é de fácil aplicação e pode nortear o tratamento da IU, enquanto a AU, por sua vez, deve ser reservada para situações específicas. Segundo as recomendações apresentadas, pacientes do Grupo A podem ser acompanhadas por clínicos gerais; o Grupo B pode receber tratamento farmacológico e/ou fisioterapia; o Grupo C pode ser encaminhado para fisioterapia e/ou tratamento cirúrgico; e o Grupo D deve ser avaliado por especialista, com possível indicação para AU.

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