Harnessing the ICIQ-SF questionnaire for enhanced diagnosis and management of urinary incontinence in women: a cross-sectional study

Jose Tadeu Carvalho Martins

doi:10.5712/rbmfc20(47)3687

Autores/as

Jose Tadeu Carvalho Martins Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo – Vitória (ES), Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6261-8987

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5712/rbmfc20(47)3687

Palabras clave:

Incontinencia urinaria, Cuestionarios, Calidad de vida, Urodinâmica

Resumen

Introducción: El cuestionario Internacional de Consulta sobre Incontinencia – Forma Corta (International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire – Short Form – ICIQ-SF) evalúa de manera sencilla el impacto de la incontinência urinaria (IU) en aspectos específicos de la calidad de vida . A su vez, el estudio urodinámico invasivo (EUI) es uma prueba que permite diagnosticar la etiología de la IU. Objetivo: Comparar los resultados del cuestionario ICIQ-SF com los del EUIcon el fin de estabelecer recomendaciones de conducta clínica. Métodos: El presente estudio es transversal, descriptivo, cuantitativo, con muestreo aleatorio simples. Se incluyeron 189 mujeres con diagnóstico clínico de IU, que fueron sometidas tanto al EUI como a la aplicación del cuestionario ICIQ-SF. Los datos del ICIQ-SF y del studios urodinámico fueron comparados para desarrollar una propuesta de tratamiento para la IU en mujeres. Resultados: El análisis reveló una mayor porporción de actividad detrusora involuntaria en el EUI entre las participantes que indicaron: “Se escapa antes de llegar al baño” (59,3%) y “Se escapa cuando me estoy vestiendo” (43,2%) en la pregunta 6. Además, se encontró una asociación signicativa entre la pédida urinaria por esfuerzo y las respuestas a la misma pregunta, especificamente “Se escapa cuando toso o estornudo” (79,8%) y “Se escapa cuando realizo actividad física” (67,2%). Las respuestas del ICIQ-SF orientaron las indicaciones terapéuticas para la IU, categorizándose en cuatro grupos: A) Sin pérdidas (respuesta “nunca”); B) pérdida por urgencia (respuestas que indican pérdida al toser, estornudar o durante actividad física); C) pérdida por esfuerzo (respuestas que indican pérdida al toser, estornudar o durante actividad física); y D) pérdida urinaria mixta y/o no clasificada (más de 2 respuestas variadas el las preguntas 3,4 y 6, sin ajustarse a los patrones de los grupos anteriores). Conclusiones: El ICIQ-SF es de fácil aplicación y puede orientar el tratamento de la IU. El EUI, al ser más complejo, debe reservarse para casos especiales. Según las recomendaciones presentadas, las pacientes del grupo A pueden ser manejadas por atención primaria; las del grupo B pueden beneficiarse de tratamiento farmacológico y/o fisioterapia; las del grupo C, de fisioterapia y/otratamento quirúrgico; y las del grupo D deben ser evaluadas por un especialista y podrían requerir EUI.

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