Prevalência de sintomas de doenças musculoesqueléticas na área de abrangência de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5712/rbmfc19(46)4195Palavras-chave:
Doenças musculoesqueléticas, Atenção Primária à Saúde, Epidemiologia.Resumo
Introdução: As doenças musculoesqueléticas (DMSQ) são causas importantes de incapacidade física que tem como consequências a redução da qualidade de vida e o aumento dos custos em saúde. Objetivo: Este estudo teve o objetivo de descrever a prevalência de sintomas de DMSQ e da incapacidade física associada a esses sintomas em uma área de abrangência de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS) da família em área periurbana, além de analisar a associação da presença desses sintomas com características demográficas e doenças crônicas mais frequentes. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado na área de cobertura de uma UBS periurbana entre agosto de 2018 e fevereiro de 2019 na qual pessoas com mais de 15 anos, selecionadas ao acaso, foram entrevistadas com o questionário da primeira fase do Community Oriented Program for Control of Rheumatic Diseases (COPOCORD), traduzido e validado para a língua portuguesa. Essas pessoas também foram questionadas quanto à presença de outras doenças diagnosticadas e a medicações em uso. Além disso, foram realizadas medidas de peso, altura e circunferência da cintura de cada participante — os dois primeiros foram utilizados para cálculo do índice de massa corporal (IMC). Resultados: Neste estudo foram entrevistadas 372 pessoas com média de idade de 46,5 (±18,3) anos, sendo 212 (57%) do sexo feminino. A prevalência de indivíduos que apresentaram sintomas de DMSQ nos últimos sete dias foi de 66,4% (IC95% 61,6–71,2). Cerca da metade (48,6%) e quase um quarto (24,2%) dos participantes relataram sintomas de intensidade moderada e severa, respectivamente. Os locais mais afetados foram as costas (50,27%), o pescoço (34,9%) e os joelhos (30,64%). A maioria, 209/247 (84,6%), relatou dor em mais de um local e 129/247 (52.2%) relataram limitação física para atividades da vida diária. Das 247 pessoas, 102 (41,3%) procuraram assistência médica, a maioria, 70 (68,6%), na UBS. Indivíduos com sintomas de DMSQ tinham média de idade e de IMC significativamente mais elevada que indivíduos sem esses sintomas, além de apresentarem maior frequência de diabetes e ansiedade e/ou depressão. No entanto, em análise multivariada, nenhuma variável foi preditora independente de sintomas de DMSQ. Conclusões: Sintomas de DMSQ são prevalentes nessa comunidade e a atenção básica deve estar preparada para manejo e reabilitação das pessoas com essas doenças.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Marcia Midori Shinzato, Marcelo Kinashi
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