Prevalencia de síntomas de enfermedades musculoesqueléticas en el área de cobertura de una unidad básica de salud

Autores/as

  • Marcia Midori Shinzato Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados Dourados (MS), Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0199-8189
  • Marcelo Kinashi Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados Dourados (MS), Brazil.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5712/rbmfc19(46)4195

Palabras clave:

Enfermedades musculoesqueléticas, Atención Primaria de Salud, Epidemiología.

Resumen

Introducción: Las enfermedades musculoesqueléticas son causas importantes de discapacidad física que resultan en una reducción de la calidad de vida y un aumento de los costos de salud. Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo describir la prevalencia de síntomas de enfermedades musculoesqueléticas (EME) y la discapacidad física asociada a estos síntomas en un área cubierta por una unidad básica de salud de la familia (UBS) en un área periurbana. También analizamos la asociación de la presencia de estos síntomas con características demográficas y enfermedades crónicas más frecuentes. Métodos: Estudio transversal realizado en el área de cobertura de una UBS periurbana entre agosto de 2018 y febrero de 2019 en el que se entrevistó a personas mayores de 15 años, seleccionadas al azar, mediante la primera fase del cuestionario Community Oriented Program for Control Of Rheumatic Diseases (COPOCORD) traducido y validado al portugués. También se les preguntó sobre la presencia de otras enfermedades diagnosticadas y medicamentos en uso. Además, se tomaron medidas del peso, la altura y la circunferencia de la cintura de cada participante. Los dos primeros se utilizaron para calcular el índice de masa corporal (IMC). Resultados: Fueron entrevistadas 372 personas con una edad media de 46,5 (±18,3) años, de las cuales 212 (57%) eran mujeres. La prevalencia de individuos que presentaron síntomas de enfermedades musculoesqueléticas en los últimos siete días fue del 66,4% (IC 95%: 61,6-71,2). Aproximadamente la mitad (48,6%) y casi una cuarta parte (24,2%) informaron síntomas de intensidad moderada y grave, respectivamente. Las zonas más afectadas fueron la espalda (50,27%), el cuello (34,9%) y las rodillas (30,64%). La gran mayoría, 209/247 (84,6%) refirieron dolor en más de una localización y 129/247 (52,2%) refirieron limitaciones físicas en las actividades de la vida diaria. 102 de los 247 (41,3%) buscaron asistencia médica, la mayoría, 70/102 (68,6%), en la UBS. Las personas con síntomas de DMSQ tenían una edad media y un IMC significativamente más altos que las personas sin estos síntomas. También tenían una mayor frecuencia de diabetes y ansiedad y/o depresión. Sin embargo, en el análisis multivariado, ninguna variable fue un predictor independiente de los síntomas del EMS. Conclusiones: Los síntomas de las enfermedades musculoesqueléticas son prevalentes en esta comunidad y la atención primaria debe estar preparada para el manejo y rehabilitación de las personas con estas enfermedades.

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Biografía del autor/a

Marcia Midori Shinzato, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados Dourados (MS), Brazil.

Médica reumatologista, professora associada do curso de Medicina da Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados.

Marcelo Kinashi, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados Dourados (MS), Brazil.

Médico formado pela Universidade Anhanguera UNIDERP. Residência médica em Medicina da Família e Comunidade do Hospital Universitário da UFGD. Residência médica em Medicina Fìsica e Reabilitação.

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Publicado

2024-10-19

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1.
Shinzato MM, Kinashi M. Prevalencia de síntomas de enfermedades musculoesqueléticas en el área de cobertura de una unidad básica de salud. Rev Bras Med Fam Comunidade [Internet]. 19 de octubre de 2024 [citado 21 de noviembre de 2024];19(46):4195. Disponible en: https://rbmfc.org.br/rbmfc/article/view/4195

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