Tratamento do diabetes mellitus tipo 1: uma análise qualitativa do impacto do tratamento farmacológico e não farmacológico em crianças e adolescentes de uma cidade no sudoeste do Paraná

Monique David de Faria; Tatiane Novako Grechaki; Gabrielli Baschung Socha

doi:10.5712/rbmfc20(47)4660

Authors

Monique David de Faria Centro Universitário de Pato Branco – Pato Branco (PR), Brasil. https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9045-6988
Tatiane Novako Grechaki Centro Universitário de Pato Branco – Pato Branco (PR), Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3521-547X
Gabrielli Baschung Socha Centro Universitário de Pato Branco – Pato Branco (PR), Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7606-3524

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5712/rbmfc20(47)4660

Keywords:

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Disease Management, Health Strategies

Abstract

Introduction: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is defined as an absolute insulin deficiency due to the autoimmune destruction of beta cells. In Brazil, epidemiological data highlight the impact of this disease within the pediatric age group, as in 2021 the country ranked third in the international standings for children and adolescents with T1DM. Although early diagnosis is essential, it is not the most challenging stage. Living with T1DM requires shared care among the diabetic individual, their family, and a multidisciplinary team. Considering that the effectiveness of controlling such a condition is related to the interplay of various factors, the present research aims to qualitatively analyze the impact of therapeutic management on the daily lives of patients with T1DM, in order to enhance the knowledge of healthcare professionals and the academic community regarding this topic. Objective: To qualitatively analyze the impact of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments in children and adolescents aged 12 to 19 years, diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus and residing in the southwestern region of Paraná, within a social and familial context. Methods: This is an observational study with a qualitative approach and individual analysis. The recruitment of participants followed a convenience sampling model, utilizing semi-structured interviews developed by the authors. For content analysis, categories and subthemes were delineated. Results: The sample consists of female patients aged 12, 18, and 16 years. At the time of diagnosis, they were 12, 13, and 12 years old, respectively. Currently, their insulin therapy regimen includes two types of medications. Regarding their history of hospitalizations related to diabetes, P1 was hospitalized twice, P2 reported not being able to specify exactly, and P3 stated that she had been hospitalized approximately five times. For them, the time dedicated to managing their condition and monitoring their blood glucose levels has never negatively impacted their lives, although the diet is somewhat inflexible. In all cases, the mothers were identified as the central figures in their care networks. Of the three caregivers, only one reported having received instructions regarding the care required for her daughter’s condition. Conclusions: Qualitatively, there was no perception of a loss in quality of life. T1DM was understood as a chronic disease, and the impact of its management was associated with benefits such as a reduction in hospitalizations. However, there is a noted lack of health education and coordination among a multidisciplinary team.

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