Pressão arterial elevada e fatores de risco cardiovascular entre adultos em situação de rua: estudo transversal em Minas Gerais

Lara Monteiro de Castro; Luana Padua Soares; Patrícia Magnabosco; Maria Beatriz Guimarães Raponi; Vanessa Cristina Bertussi; Heitor Moreno Junior; Juan Carlos Yugar-Toledo; Nelson Dinamarco Ludovico; Valéria Nasser Figueiredo

doi:10.5712/rbmfc21(48)5135

Authors

Lara Monteiro de Castro Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Faculdade de Medicina – Uberlândia (MG), Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1181-2624
Luana Padua Soares Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Faculdade de Medicina – Uberlândia (MG), Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7027-2245
Patrícia Magnabosco Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Faculdade de Medicina – Uberlândia (MG), Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5511-270X
Maria Beatriz Guimarães Raponi Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Faculdade de Medicina – Uberlândia (MG), Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4487-9232
Vanessa Cristina Bertussi Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Faculdade de Medicina – Uberlândia (MG), Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1564-0508
Heitor Moreno Junior Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas – Campinas (SP), Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6330-697X
Juan Carlos Yugar-Toledo Faculdade de Medicina do Estado de São José do Rio Preto, Departamento de Clínica Médica – São José do Rio Preto (SP), Brasil.
Nelson Dinamarco Ludovico Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Departamento de Clínica Médica – Ilhéus (BA), Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6031-048X
Valéria Nasser Figueiredo Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Faculdade de Medicina – Uberlândia (MG), Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5793-112X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5712/rbmfc21(48)5135

Keywords:

Arterial pressure, Persons experiencing homelessness, Heart disease risk factors, Cardiovascular diseases, Public health

Abstract

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases remain among the leading causes of global morbidity and mortality, and adequate blood pressure control is essential for their prevention. People experiencing homelessness face multiple vulnerabilities that hinder self-care and limit access to healthcare services, increasing their exposure to cardiovascular risk factors. Despite these vulnerabilities, studies on elevated blood pressure prevalence in this population are still scarce. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of elevated blood pressure and identify associated cardiovascular risk factors among people experiencing homelessness. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 181 adults living in shelters in a municipality in Minas Gerais, Brazil. We collected sociodemographic, clinical, behavioral, anthropometric, and blood pressure data in line with the Brazilian Guidelines on Hypertension. We performed descriptive analyses and logistic regression, with p<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age was 43 years, with a predominance of men (97.2%) and individuals who self-identified as brown (pardo) (41.4%). Elevated blood pressure was found in 19.1% of participants. Smoking (73.5%) and alcohol consumption (59.6%) were common. In the adjusted analysis, self-reported hypertension (odds ratio: 6.03; 95% confidence interval: 2.14–16.95) and a family history of hypertension (odds ratio: 2.95; 95% confidence interval: 1.08–8.05) were independent predictors. Conclusion: Although most participants had normal blood pressure, both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors were associated with elevated blood pressure, highlighting the need for systematic measures to prevent, screen, and manage hypertension in vulnerable populations.

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References

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