Razones para rechazo de la vacuna contra el virus del papiloma humano en adolescentes entre 11 y 14 años en el municipio de Maringá-PR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5712/rbmfc12(39)1253Palabras clave:
Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino. Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual. Papillomaviridae. Sistema Único de Salud. Vacunas contra PapillomavirusResumen
Introducción: El Ministerio de Salud incluyó la vacuna contra el papiloma humano (VPH) en el calendario básico de vacunación en 2014 con el objetivo de vacunar al menos el 80% de los adolescentes de entre 11 y 13 años. Objetivos: Ante la baja adherencia a la campaña nacional de vacunación contra el virus del VPH en Maringá, estado de Paraná, en 2014, este estudio tuvo como objetivo: 1) identificar el nivel de conocimientos de los adolescentes sobre el virus y la vacuna; y 2) describir las razones por las que no están vacunados. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio transversal observacional, una encuesta domiciliaria con un diseño descriptivo, realizado con 58 adolescentes que no tomaron la primera y/o segunda dosis de la vacuna en el plazo estipulado por la campaña de vacunación de 2014. Para la recolección de datos, se aplicó un cuestionario a través de entrevistas cara a cara. Resultados: 86% de los adolescentes ha oído hablar de los virus, 74% sabe que su transmisión es sexual, 49% conoce su relación con el cáncer cervical y 88% ha oído hablar de la vacuna. La mayoría de las niñas entrevistadas no está vacunada debido al rechazo de los padres. Conclusión: Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que la falta de conocimiento acerca de la infección por VPH y la campaña de vacunación entre los encuestados y sus padres, así como el temor a los efectos secundarios de las vacunas, como se ha señalado por la población de estudio, interfirió negativamente en la toma de decisión.
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