La compilación de la selección de trastornos mentales específicos puede detectar los trastornos mentales generales

Autores/as

  • Lívia Maria Bolsoni University of São Paulo
  • Leonardo Moscovici University of São Paulo,São Paulo,Brazil.
  • João Mazzoncini de Azevedo Marques University of São Paulo,São Paulo,Brazil.
  • Antonio Waldo Zuardi University of São Paulo,São Paulo,Brazil.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5712/rbmfc13(40)1685

Palabras clave:

Trastornos Mentales, Atención Primaria de Salud, Tamizaje Masivo, Reproducibilidad de Resultados, Validez de las Pruebas.

Resumen

Objetivo: Evaluar si un breve compilado de herramientas de detección para trastornos mentales específicos puede detectar los trastornos mentales y emocionales en la población general. Método: Herramientas de detección validadas para los trastornos emocionales y mentales más frecuentes han sido seleccionadas. Como criterios de selección, estas herramientas deberían mantener las propiedades psicométricas del instrumento completo con sólo uno o pocos elementos. Las herramientas seleccionadas fueron: el Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2), el Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-2 (GAD-2), el elemento 3 del Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) y tres elementos del Adolescent Psychotic-Like Symptom Screener (APSS-3). Este compilado de herramientas de detección ha sido denominado el Mini Detección para Trastornos Mentales (Mini-DTM). El estudio se dividió en dos etapas. En la primera etapa, 545 sujetos fueron entrevistados en sus residencias con la herramienta de detección Mini-DTM y COOP/WONCA-Sentimientos. En la segunda etapa, a los sujetos que aceptaron participar (230) se entrevistaron con el Mini-DTM, COOP/WONCA-Sentimientos y la entrevista diagnóstica MINI. La fiabilidad evaluar/revaluar fue calculada mediante el Coeficiente de Correlación Intraclase (ICC). La Curva ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) fue generada para el análisis de la validez discriminante. La validez concurrente se calculó mediante el análisis de la correlación entre el Mini-DTM y el COOP/WONCA-Sentimientos. Resultados: La administración conjunta de las herramientas de detección para trastornos específicos mostró sensibilidades que oscilaron de 0,76 a 0,88 y especificidades que oscilaron de 0,67 a 0,85. El valor del ICC para la puntuación total del Mini-DTM fue 0,78. El área bajo la curva para la detección de trastornos mentales fue 0,84, con una sensibilidad de 0,74 y especificidad de 0,76 (punto de corte ≥ 4). Conclusión: Este estudio demostró que un breve compilado de herramientas de detección para trastornos mentales específicos (Mini-DTM) puede detectar trastornos mentales y emocionales en la población general.

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Biografía del autor/a

Lívia Maria Bolsoni, University of São Paulo

Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences,Ribeirão Preto Medical School

Leonardo Moscovici, University of São Paulo,São Paulo,Brazil.

Department of Social Medicine,Ribeirão Preto Medical School

João Mazzoncini de Azevedo Marques, University of São Paulo,São Paulo,Brazil.

Department of Social Medicine,Ribeirão Preto Medical School

Antonio Waldo Zuardi, University of São Paulo,São Paulo,Brazil.

Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences,Ribeirão Preto Medical School

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Publicado

2018-04-30

Cómo citar

1.
Bolsoni LM, Moscovici L, de Azevedo Marques JM, Zuardi AW. La compilación de la selección de trastornos mentales específicos puede detectar los trastornos mentales generales. Rev Bras Med Fam Comunidade [Internet]. 30 de abril de 2018 [citado 22 de julio de 2024];13(40):1-13. Disponible en: https://rbmfc.org.br/rbmfc/article/view/1685

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