El impacto de la pandemia de la COVID-19 en la salud mental
¿cuál es el rol de la Atención Primaria de Salud?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5712/rbmfc15(42)2532Palabras clave:
Atención Primaria de Salud, Salud Mental, Infecciones por Coronavirus, EpidemiasResumen
Introducción: En momentos como la pandemia de la COVID-19, hay evidencias de que la morbilidad y mortalidad relacionada con la salud mental tienden a superar las relacionadas directamente con la infección, como resultado de la pandemia en sí y también de las medidas de aislamiento social. Objetivo: Presentar una propuesta para el desempeño de los equipos de atención primaria en la administración de enfermedades mentales relacionadas con la pandemia. Método: Revisando los factores de riesgo y factores estresantes, y rescatando los atributos y la potencialidad de la atención primaria de salud (APS), se desarrolló un ensayo científico presentando propuestas para el rol de las APS. Resultados y Discusión: Los principales factores de riesgo para la enfermedad mental identificados incluyen: vulnerabilidad social, contraer la enfermedad o vivir con alguien infectado, existencia de un trastorno mental previo, ser mayor y ser un profesional de la salud. El aislamiento físico y la información excesiva no siempre confiables agregan estresores a la crisis. Las especificidades del duelo durante la pandemia también aumentan el riesgo de estados de lutos complicados. En el contexto brasileño, aún hay la crisis política e institucional que aumenta la ansiedad y la inseguridad de la población. Se propone que la atención primaria de salud, con sus características y atributos, debe: identificar a las familias con mayor riesgo de aumento de la enfermedad mental; articularse intersectorialmente para que se cumplan las demandas de los más vulnerables; guiar a la población sobre cómo minimizar los factores que generan ansiedad; apoyar a las familias para permitir el proceso de duelo. Conclusión: Este ensayo tiene la intención de calificar la discusión sobre el rol de la APS en la salud mental de la población y, por lo tanto, subvencionar acciones que mejoren el cuidado prestado por los equipos de la salud durante la pandemia de la COVID-19.
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