Organization of primary health care in pandemics: a rapid systematic review of the literature in times of Covid-19

Thiago Dias Sarti; Welington Serra  Lazarini; Leonardo Ferreira  Fontenelle; Ana Paula Santana Coelho  Almeida

doi:10.5712/rbmfc16(43)2655

Autores/as

Thiago Dias Sarti Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Center of Health Sciences, Department of Social Medicine. Vitória, ES, Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1545-6276
Welington Serra Lazarini Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Center of Health Sciences, Nursing Department. Vitória, ES, Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2798-7223
Leonardo Ferreira Fontenelle Universidade Vila Velha (UVV), Medical School. Vila Velha, ES, Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4064-433X
Ana Paula Santana Coelho Almeida Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Center of Health Sciences, Department of Social Medicine. Vitória, ES, Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5808-5818

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5712/rbmfc16(43)2655

Palabras clave:

Primary Health Care, Pandemics, Epidemics, Health Services, Disaster Planning

Resumen

Introducción: El mundo está viviendo una de las mayores emergencias de salud pública de la historia con la propagación global del COVID-19. Los sistemas de salud, incluidos los servicios de Atención Primaria de Salud (APS), son pilares de las estrategias para hacer frente a la pandemia. Objetivo: Revisar sistemáticamente la literatura que analiza la eficacia de las estrategias de organización de la APS en el contexto de las epidemias. Métodos: Se realizó una rápida revisión sistemática de la literatura en MEDLINE (vía PubMed), EMBASE y LILACS (vía BVS), con el fin de analizar los estudios empíricos sobre la efectividad de las estrategias de organización de la APS en el contexto de las epidemias para mejorar el acceso y reducir la morbilidad y la mortalidad. No se evaluó el riesgo de sesgo y la síntesis fue narrativa. PROSPERO CRD42020178310. Resultados: Se seleccionaron siete artículos, que estudiaron las respuestas a diferentes epidemias en distintas partes del mundo. En términos de acceso, los estudios sugieren resultados positivos con la adopción de ajustes de los procesos de trabajo de los equipos y de la estructura de los servicios, combinados con la diversificación de las acciones (incluyendo el call center), la provisión adecuada de insumos y equipos de protección personal, planes de acción y estrategias de comunicación adecuadas, y la integración efectiva con los servicios de salud pública y otros niveles de atención. Ningún estudio analizó la morbilidad y mortalidad de la población. Los estudios incluidos sugieren también que la APS orientada a la comunidad es más efectiva en escenarios de crisis, indicando la necesidad de fortalecer la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia en el contexto brasileño. Conclusión: La APS puede ser eficaz para enfrentar emergencias de salud pública. Los planes de acción deben ser construidos con amplia participación de los actores involucrados en el enfrentamiento de la epidemia. Se destaca la importancia de potenciar el vínculo entre el servicio de salud y su población registrada.

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Biografía del autor/a

Thiago Dias Sarti, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Center of Health Sciences, Department of Social Medicine. Vitória, ES, Brazil.

É Professor Assistente do Departamento de Medicina Social da Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo (UFES). Possui graduação em Medicina pela Escola de Medicina da Santa Casa de Misericordia de Vitória (2004). É especialista em Medicina de Família e Comunidade e em Gestão em Saúde pela Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ). É Mestre em Saúde Coletiva pelo Programa de Pós-graduacão em Saúde Coletiva da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES). É Doutor em Saúde Pública pela Universidade de São Paulo (USP).

Mais informações: Currículo Lattes - CNPq.

Welington Serra Lazarini, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Center of Health Sciences, Nursing Department. Vitória, ES, Brazil.

Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Center of Health Sciences, Nursing Department. Vitória, ES, Brazil.

URL (Lattes): http://lattes.cnpq.br/5114282145335545

Leonardo Ferreira Fontenelle, Universidade Vila Velha (UVV), Medical School. Vila Velha, ES, Brazil.

Universidade Vila Velha (UVV), Medical School. Vila Velha, ES, Brazil.

URL (Lattes): http://lattes.cnpq.br/9234772336296638

Ana Paula Santana Coelho Almeida , Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Center of Health Sciences, Department of Social Medicine. Vitória, ES, Brazil.

Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Center of Health Sciences, Department of Social Medicine. Vitória, ES, Brazil.

URL (Lattes): http://lattes.cnpq.br/2570855705420190

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