Poluição do ar

uma revisão de escopo para recomendações clínicas para a medicina de família e comunidade

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5712/rbmfc17(44)3038

Palavras-chave:

Poluição do Ar, Saúde Ambiental, Atenção Primária à Saúde, Medicina de família e comunidade.

Resumo

Introdução: As mortes atribuíveis à poluição do ar em longo prazo chegam a 9 milhões ao ano, concentrando-se principalmente em países de baixa e média renda como o Brasil. Classifica-se a poluição do ar em: domiciliar (indoor) ou ambiente (outdoor). A inalação de poluentes está relacionada com o aumento da incidência e desenvolvimento de condições clínicas, como doenças cardiovasculares, respiratórias e outras, que fazem parte da prática da medicina de família e comunidade. Objetivo: Verificar as evidências clínicas para a abordagem da poluição do ar relacionada à saúde humana no contexto da prática na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Métodos: Revisão de escopo do papel clínico da medicina de família e comunidade em relação à poluição do ar e saúde, voltada para questões clínicas associadas com a poluição do ar. Incluíram-se 35 artigos nesta revisão. Recomendações clínicas: Em nível individual, destacam-se a redução do uso de fogões a lenha, o uso de estratégias de proteção de fontes poluidoras (como queimadas, vias de trânsito e indústria), a filtragem do ar, o estímulo ao transporte ativo, a cessação do tabagismo. Essas recomendações devem ser complementares às políticas governamentais relacionadas à poluição do ar. Propõem-se perguntas para a entrevista clínica. Exploram-se recomendações específicas sobre uso de máscaras, atividade física e COVID-19. Sugerem-se temas de pesquisa que podem ser realizadas na Atenção Primária à Saúde e o papel da medicina de família e comunidade nesse contexto. Considerações: A inclusão na classificação internacional de atenção primária e no Código internacional de Doenças poderia melhorar a notificação e os estudos epidemiológicos sobre o assunto.

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Biografia do Autor

Mayara Floss, Grupo Hospitalar Conceição – Porto Alegre (RS), Brasil

Acadêmica do curso de medicina da Universidade Federal de Rio Grande.

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2022-11-19

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Floss M, Zandavalli RB, Leão JRB, Lima CV, Vianna N, Barros EF, Saldiva PHN. Poluição do ar: uma revisão de escopo para recomendações clínicas para a medicina de família e comunidade. Rev Bras Med Fam Comunidade [Internet]. 19º de novembro de 2022 [citado 29º de março de 2024];17(44):3038. Disponível em: https://rbmfc.org.br/rbmfc/article/view/3038

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