Os benefícios da auriculoterapia no cuidado de usuários de substâncias psicoativas: uma revisão sistemática

Gabriel Poletti; Marcos Krahe Edelweiss

doi:10.5712/rbmfc20(47)3386

Autores/as

Gabriel Poletti Escola de Saúde Pública de Florianópolis – Florianópolis (SC), Brasil. https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8025-4719
Marcos Krahe Edelweiss Escola de Saúde Pública de Florianópolis – Florianópolis (SC), Brasil.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5712/rbmfc20(47)3386

Palabras clave:

Trastornos relacionados con sustancias, Acupuntura auricular, Ansia, Síndrome de abstinencia a sustancias, Reducción del daño

Resumen

Introducción: Aproximadamente 36 millones de personas se ven afectadas por las consecuencias del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas. Estas sustancias tienen la capacidad de provocar cambios en la conciencia cuando se consumen y, dependiendo del patrón de uso, provocan dependencia y vulnerabilidades individuales y comunitarias. Un tratamiento que se ha mostrado promisorio es la acupuntura auricular, por su bajo costo, fácil aplicabilidad y sin intervención farmacológica. Objetivo: Evaluar la evidencia clínica de la auriculoterapia en la atención a usuarios de sustancias psicoactivas. Métodos: Se incluyeron ensayos clínicos que evaluaron la efectividad de la acupuntura auricular en el tratamiento de usuarios de sustancias psicoactivas. Se excluyeron los estudios que no abordaron los resultados clínicos, tuvieron múltiples intervenciones o evaluaron la acupuntura corporal. La búsqueda se realizó en las siguientes bases de datos, Cochrane, Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, Scielo, ProQuest Dissertations & Tesis Global (PQDT Global). Resultados: Se analizaron 24 ensayos clínicos, de los cuales 8 presentaron algunos resultados significativos en el desenlace. Los datos extraídos se presentaron en una tabla. Conclusiones: Los estudios mostraron varios sesgos en su metodología, tanto poblacional, criterios de elegibilidad, controles y resultados. Esta revisión no encontró pruebas clínicas sólidas que indiquen el uso de la acupuntura auricular en la atención de los usuarios de sustancias psicoactivas. Se espera que se lleven a cabo mejores estudios, ya que muchos consideran que la auriculoterapia como tratamiento adyuvante es beneficiosa y tiene el potencial para la atención de reducción de daños.

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