Cobertura das vacinas pneumocócica, contra poliomielite e rotavírus no Brasil: estudo descritivo, 2017 a 2020

Rosália Garcia Neves; Yohana Pereira Vieira; Abelardo de Oliveira Soares Júnior; Mirelle de Oliveira  Saes

doi:10.5712/rbmfc18(45)3461

Autores/as

Rosália Garcia Neves Secretaria Estadual da Saúde, 3a Coordenadoria Regional de Pelotas – Pelotas (RS), Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6798-9130
Yohana Pereira Vieira Universidade Federal do Rio Grande – Rio Grande (RS), Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4828-8210
Abelardo de Oliveira Soares Júnior Universidade Federal do Rio Grande – Rio Grande (RS), Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4682-688X
Mirelle de Oliveira Saes UUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande – Rio Grande (RS), Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7225-1552

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5712/rbmfc18(45)3461

Palabras clave:

Programas de inmunización, Salud del niño, Vacunas neumocóocicas, Vacunas contra poliovirus, Vacunas contra rotavirus.

Resumen

Introducción: Los últimos años se han caracterizado por una caída en la cobertura de vacunas, creando un riesgo de brotes y epidemias de enfermedades prevenibles por vacunación. Objetivo: Describir la cobertura de las vacunas antineumocócica, antipoliomielítica y rotavirus, de 2017 a 2020, en las regiones y unidades de la federación (UFs). Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, con datos del Sistema de Información del Programa Nacional de Inmunizaciones. Se obtuvo la cobertura de vacunación de cada agente inmunobiológico según las veintisiete UF, regiones y Brasil, y se calcularon las diferencias absolutas en la cobertura de cada vacuna, de 2019 con respecto a 2020. Resultados: En 2017 y 2020, la enfermedad neumocócica aumentó del 92,2 al 81,0%, poliomielitis del 84,7 al 75,8%, rotavirus del 85,1 al 77,0%. La cobertura de inmunológicos mostró una diferencia absoluta de aproximadamente 8 puntos porcentuales en el período comprendido entre 2019 y 2020. Ninguna UF logró una cobertura adecuada para poliomielitis y rotavirus. Conclusión: hubo una caída en la cobertura de vacunación entre 2019 y 2020, con menor cobertura de poliomielitis, seguida de rotavirus y enfermedad neumocócica, que pueden estar relacionados con la pandemia COVID-19.

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Biografía del autor/a

Rosália Garcia Neves, Secretaria Estadual da Saúde, 3a Coordenadoria Regional de Pelotas – Pelotas (RS), Brasil.

Enfermeira da Secretaria Estadual de Saúde, 3° Coordenadoria Regional de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul Brasil.

Abelardo de Oliveira Soares Júnior, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande – Rio Grande (RS), Brasil.

Doutorando do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande

Mirelle de Oliveira Saes, UUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande – Rio Grande (RS), Brasil.

Docente da faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande

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