Herramienta de apoyo a la decisión de cribado mamográfico para mujeres de 40 a 49 años
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5712/rbmfc18(45)3572Palabras clave:
Mamografía, Comunicación en salud, Neoplasias de la mama, Tamizaje masivo, Uso de la información científica en la toma de decisiones en salud.Resumen
Introducción: El tamizaje de cáncer de mama en Brasil se recomienda para mujeres de 50 a 69 años, de acuerdo con las directrices nacionales para la detección temprana de cáncer de mama del Instituto Nacional del Cáncer/Ministerio de Salud. Aunque tradicionalmente se difunde como una práctica puramente beneficiosa, la evidencia científica apunta a su complejidad y la necesidad de comunicar el equilibrio entre riesgos y beneficios, especialmente en mujeres más jóvenes. Objetivo: Describir el proceso participativo de desarrollo de una herramienta de apoyo a la decisión para el tamizaje de cáncer de mama cuando lo buscan mujeres de 40 a 49 años en Brasil. Método: Estudio cualitativo-participativo que involucró a médicos y mujeres en el desarrollo de la herramienta, siguiendo recomendaciones el International Patient Decision Aid Standards, que recomienda cuatro etapas: círculos de conversación, síntesis de evidencia, revisión de la herramienta y evaluación de la herramienta por parte de médicos y mujeres. Resultados: la herramienta desarrollada es inédita en Brasil y todos los médicos que la utilizaron la consideraron útil en la conversación sobre los riesgos y beneficios del tamizaje; el 88,9% evaluó que la información facilitaba la comprensión — visión compartida por el 80% de las mujeres — y el 77,8% consideró que reducía o no interfería en el tiempo de consulta. La herramienta fue posteriormente mejorada con sugerencias. Conclusiones: El estudio mostró el alcance del objetivo de la herramienta al dar apoyo a la decisión compartida y buena aceptación entre médicos y mujeres.
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Derechos de autor 2023 Renata Oliveira Maciel dos Santos, Monica de Assis, Arn Migowski
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