Primary health care in the face of post-COVID-19 syndrome: an integrative review

Simone Alves-Hopf; Maria Edna Moura Vieira; Maria da Graça Hoefel

doi:10.5712/rbmfc20(47)3644

Autores/as

Simone Alves-Hopf Universidade Friedrich-Schiller Jena – Jena, Alemanha. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1613-0702
Maria Edna Moura Vieira Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Saúde Coletiva – Brasília (DF), Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3599-5231
Maria da Graça Hoefel Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Saúde Coletiva – Brasília (DF), Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2176-5013

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5712/rbmfc20(47)3644

Palabras clave:

Atención primaria de salud, Medicina familiar y comunitaria, Síndrome post agudo de COVID-19

Resumen

Introducción: La Atención Primaria de Salud ha desempeñado un papel fundamental en la atención de pacientes con Síndrome Post COVID-19. El Síndrome Post COVID-19 se caracteriza por ser una condición patológica, que comprende la aparición de signos y síntomas después de la infección por SARS-CoV-2, manifestándose en las fases aguda, intermedia y larga. Objetivo: Comprender los mecanismos desarrollados por la Atención Primaria de Salud para mejorar la gestión en la atención integral de pacientes con Síndrome Post COVID-19, en diálogo con los sistemas de salud brasileño y alemán. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda teórica y exploratoria en dos bases de datos (PubMed y Web of Science) sobre el manejo del Síndrome Post COVID-19, considerando los desafíos y el potencial de la atención primaria en Brasil y Alemania para manejar adecuadamente a los pacientes con esta condición. Resultados: El Síndrome Post COVID-19 afecta a múltiples órganos y sistemas, requiriendo un manejo basado en modelos multimodales y biopsicosociales, considerando enfoques terapéuticos tanto médicos como no médicos. Si bien la cobertura de la atención primaria de salud ha mejorado en Brasil y Alemania con respecto al tratamiento de este síndrome, persisten algunos desafíos. Conclusiones: Mejorar el manejo del Síndrome Post COVID-19 en Atención Primaria requiere un enfoque multifacético. Esto implica profundizar la comprensión profesional de los complejos y cambiantes mecanismos fisiopatológicos del síndrome, establecer y actualizar periódicamente guías clínicas basadas en la evidencia para el manejo de los síntomas persistentes, y desarrollar sistemas estructurados de derivación y contraderivación. Además, es fundamental capacitar a los profesionales sanitarios para garantizar el diagnóstico precoz y la derivación adecuada de pacientes con Síndrome Post COVID-19 en la Atención Primaria de Salud. Estas iniciativas deben adaptarse a las realidades sanitarias locales, priorizando la colaboración intersectorial y la integración de las dimensiones física, psicológica y social en la prestación de una atención integral.

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