Physical exercise for preventing falls in elder people living in the community
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5712/rbmfc12(39)1658Keywords:
Falls. Falls/prevention & control. Physical Exercise. AgedAbstract
Introduction: The prevention of falls among elder people is an urgent public health challenge. Physical exercise has proven an effective preventive intervention. Objective: Review the latest scientific evidence, concerning the recommendation of physical exercise in the prevention of falls of the elderly of the community. Identify the optimal type and frequency of exercise with better benefits. Methods: A bibliographic search was carried out using the terms MeSH “aged”, “accidental falls/prevention and control” and “exercise”, in PubMed, Cochrane Library, National Guideline Clearinghouse, Canadian Medical Association, Evidence based Medicine e NICE Evidence Search databases, in the last five years. We included articles evaluating the exercise as an isolated intervention in the prevention of falls of the individual of the community, with ≥60 years. Rated result: incidence of falls. Results: Of 637 potential articles, 4 fulfilled inclusion criteria: 2 randomized controlled trials (RCT), 1 cohort study and 1 meta- analysis (MA). Overall, the results demonstrate a protective effect of exercise. The MA obtained a ratio of incidence rates (IR) was 0.79 (p<0.001), with the training of balance (IR=0.85, p=0.04) and greater weekly dose (IR=0.77, p=0.03) has demonstrated more effective. Contrarily, one RCT suggested that hike can be more effective. The cohort study revealed greater benefit in ≥3 years participations (IR=0.90; p=0.03). Conclusion: Physical exercise is effective in preventing falls in the community elder. Balancing training and weekly ≥3 hours practices showed better results (SORT A). Its maintenance must be encouraged in the long term (SORT B).
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