The implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental and physical health of students of the Medicine Course of a University in the Metropolitan Region of Espírito Santo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5712/rbmfc17(44)3177Keywords:
Coronavirus, Mental Health, Exercise, Students, Medical.Abstract
Introduction: The first reported case of infection by the new coronavirus occurred in China, in December 2019. Due to the spread of the disease, changes in lifestyle occurred, which, associated with the period of uncertainty, generated impacts on the health of the population. Objective: To understand the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental and physical health of medical students at a university in Espírito Santo. Methods: Cross-sectional study from August 2020 to January 2021, with a quantitative and qualitative approach, with medical students enrolled in all periods. Data collection was carried out with an electronic questionnaire, encompassing sociodemographic, economic, individual, and family characteristics about the period prior to and during the pandemic. Excel 2020 and OPENEPI programs were used for analyses. The study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee, under number 4.224.502. Results: 779 students were evaluated, mostly females (61.6%), between 20 and 24 years old (64.0%), in the first two years of the course (46.5%), residing in urban areas (98.1%) with 1 to 3 people in their household (65.0%), and unemployed (93.2%). Sample characteristics during the pandemic: need to pause enrollment (3.9%), constant concern with the family (73.9%), difficulty in adapting to distance education (76.0%), continuous family life (84.5%), changes in sleep (54.9%), physical activity (60.3%), and weight (71.0%), participation in household chores (77.9%), psychological pressure (47.6%), food (69.6 %). The variables that underwent significant changes between the previous period and during the pandemic were lower income (p=0.005), increased use of medication (p=0.0009), and self-perceived stress level (p≤0.0000001). Regarding the development of pain during the pandemic period, the following had an impact: female (p≤0.0000001), second year of the course (p=0.001), constant concern for the family (p=0.000002), difficulty in adapting to distance education (p=0.002), changes in sleep (p=0.000003), physical activity (p=0.001), weight (p=0.00007), and diet (p=0.01). For the development of mental disorders during the pandemic, the most significant were gender (p=0.004), constant concern for the family (p=0.005), sleep (p=0.006), and diet (p=0.003). Conclusions: Changes in living standards resulting from the pandemic had a negative impact on physical and mental health, making it essential for educational institutions to provide student with health care actions.
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