Prevalence of alcohol abuse in the homeless population in the city of Olinda (PE)

Abstract

Introduction: Alcohol abuse is a public health problem in Brazil. This practice has been present throughout human history, and different meanings and values have been attributed to its consumption. However, with advances in science, the harmful effects of its abuse have become widely recognized, and the homeless population stands out in this context. Accordingly, understanding the context experienced by this group in the city of Olinda (PE), which saw an increase from 250 to 300 people living this way after the COVID-19 pandemic, becomes essential to strengthen health care practices such as harm reduction, as well as to strengthen the link between this population and health services. Objective: To analyze the prevalence of abusive alcohol use and its relationship with sociodemographic data among homeless individuals in the municipality of Olinda (PE) between 2022 and 2023. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, quantitative study involving 46 homeless individuals. The sampling was non-probabilistic and based on convenience, which limited the findings. Data collection occurred through interviews conducted during activities by the Street Clinic team (“Consultório na Rua”). Two instruments were used: a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). AUDIT consists of ten questions, with total scores ranging from 0 to 40, divided into four risk zones. Results: The study included 46 homeless individuals, predominantly male. Regarding alcohol use in the past three months, most reported consuming alcohol, with cachaça being the most consumed beverage. Family conflicts were among the most cited factors influencing alcohol use. Concerning the risk level associated with alcohol consumption, most participants fell into Zone IV of the AUDIT, indicating probable alcohol dependence. Notably, those classified in Zone IV were mostly males, had been homeless for five years or less, lived on the streets alone, and had some form of employment. Conclusions: Given the sociodemographic characteristics of the studied population and the factors associated with alcohol abuse, there is a clear need for strategies that ensure continuity of care and promote harm reduction. Furthermore, new studies are essential to broaden the discussion on this topic and to strengthen public policies that consider Brazil’s diversity.