Literature as an ethical-formative foundation in medical practice

Abstract

Communication is an essential element of medical practice, particularly in anamnesis, where symptoms and social and cultural factors must be integrated to ensure accurate diagnosis and to strengthen the physician-patient relationship. This article aims to discuss the role of literature as an ethical-formative foundation for improving clinical communication, highlighting its contributions to medical education, the development of empathy, and the understanding of social determinants of health. It is a theoretical-reflective essay based on a narrative review of scientific literature and interpretative analysis of literary works relevant to the medical context. The discussion emphasizes two main axes: the value of individual narratives in medical training, which allow physicians to recognize the patient beyond the disease, and the role of literature in fostering empathy and alterity, expanding clinical listening and the ability to interpret social, cultural, and emotional contexts. Furthermore, connections between literary works and medical practice are explored, showing how reading can enrich the understanding of human experiences. It is concluded that literature constitutes an ethical-formative and clinical foundation that enhances clinical reasoning and strengthens physicians’ decision-making. By fostering alterity and empathy, literature contributes to building a more human, ethical, and comprehensive approach to care.