Instrumentos de rastreo y diagnóstico de trastornos depresivos utilizados en atención primaria
una revisión integradora
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5712/rbmfc18(45)3817Palabras clave:
Cuestionario de salud del paciente, Atención primaria de salud, Depresión, Programas de rastreo, Trastornos mentales.Resumen
Introducción: La prevalencia de los trastornos depresivos en la población general es alta y la Atención Primaria de Salud (APS) ocupa una posición central en el abordaje de estos problemas. La introducción de instrumentos para el rastreo y diagnóstico de estos trastornos en la APS es una de las estrategias sugeridas para mejorar la calidad de la atención pero poco se sabe sobre su eficacia. Objetivo: Identificar los instrumentos de rastreo y entrevistas diagnósticas que más han sido utilizados en estudios con usuarios que buscan atención en los servicios de APS con síntomas depresivos. Métodos: Esta es una revisión integradora de la literatura, se realizaron búsquedas en las bases de datos LILACS y MEDLINE de octubre a diciembre de 2020. Se incluyeron artículos de investigación realizados en la APS y que utilizaron uno o más instrumentos para el rastreo y/o diagnóstico de los trastornos depresivos. Al menos dos investigadores analizaron títulos, resúmenes y textos completos, extrayendo datos mediante una hoja de cálculo estandarizada. Los resultados se presentan de forma descriptiva y narrativa. Resultados: Después de aplicar los criterios de elegibilidad, se seleccionaron 413 artículos, fueron descritos 22 instrumentos utilizados en el rastreo y diagnóstico de la depresión en estudios realizados en APS. El instrumento de rastreo más utilizado fue el Cuestionario de Salud del Paciente y la entrevista diagnóstica más utilizada fue la Mini Entrevista Neuropsiquiátrica Internacional. Predominan los estudios publicados después de 2011, realizados en Europa, con población adulta no anciana con el propósito de identificar la prevalencia de depresión en diferentes grupos sociales. La mayoría de los estudios utilizaron instrumentos extensos, con criterios analíticos complejos, sin validación y/o adaptación para la APS, y con restricciones sobre los problemas de salud analizados, limitándolos para uso general en la APS. Conclusiones: El uso de instrumentos de rastreo y diagnóstico de depresión en la APS puede ser una estrategia relevante para mejorar la atención brindada a esta población. Sin embargo, se necesitan más estudios para analizar los beneficios y dificultades de esta estrategia, así como un mayor esfuerzo para seleccionar los mejores instrumentos a utilizar.
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Derechos de autor 2023 Meirielli Vieira Bruzeguini , Talita Falqueto Pereira, Marcela Lamborghini Pagel , Thayane Cintra Lemos, Emily da Silva Prata, Kamila Castro da Cruz, Thiago Dias Sarti, Maria Carmen Viana
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