Evaluación de la depresión perinatal en mujeres embarazadas atenidas en la Unidade Básica de Saúde 12 de Samambaia, Brasília, Distrito Federal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5712/rbmfc19(46)4234Keywords:
Depression, Pregnancy, Adverse childhood experiences, Maternal-fetal relations.Abstract
Introducción: La depresión perinatal prevalece durante el embarazo y el posparto y genera repercusiones biopsicosociales e implicaciones negativas en los resultados materno-fetales. Entre los diversos factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de la depresión se encuentra el trauma infantil. Objetivo: Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar la frecuencia de depresión perinatal y los aspectos sociodemográficos y psicopatológicos de una muestra de pacientes embarazadas de la UBS 12 de Samambaia. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal con 51 gestantes atendidas por el Equipo N° 19 de la UBS 12 de Samambaia en el segundo semestre de 2023. Los instrumentos utilizados para evaluar sus características fueron la EPDS (Escala de Depresión Posparto de Edimburgo), sociodemográficas. cuestionarios, el QUESI (Cuestionario de Trauma Infantil), la Escala de Apego Materno-Fetal y el MINI (Mini Entrevista Neuropsiquiátrica Internacional). Los datos fueron analizados mediante el programa estadístico SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) (versión 20), con estadística descriptiva y pruebas de Fisher y Wilcoxon para variables cuantitativas, con un nivel de significancia del 95% (p<0,05). Resultados: Se observó una prevalencia de depresión perinatal similar a la evidenciada en la literatura, asociándose con el deseo de embarazo, estado civil, apoyo social y número de hijos. La edad media fue de 28,51 años. El 100,0% de los pacientes evaluados positivamente para depresión por la EPDS reportaron trauma infantil de moderado a severo, con una mayor prevalencia de abuso emocional (85,7%) y negligencia emocional (78,6%). Dos tercios de las mujeres embarazadas con apego medio o mínimo según la Escala de Apego Materno-Fetal fueron diagnosticadas con depresión actual. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos sugieren una correlación entre un apoyo social débil y una mayor susceptibilidad al desarrollo de depresión en esta población. Se encontró una alta prevalencia de trauma infantil y un menor apego materno-fetal en mujeres embarazadas con depresión perinatal.
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